ELISA Plates
ELISA Plates are microplates specifically designed for Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assays (ELISA), a widely used technique for detecting and quantifying soluble substances such as proteins, antibodies, hormones, and other biomolecules. These plates are optimized for high-binding capacity and consistency, ensuring reliable assay performance across different wells and experiments.
- Material Composition:
- Typically made from polystyrene, a plastic that supports strong protein adsorption, essential for immobilizing antigens, antibodies, or other biomolecules on the plate surface.
- Available in various surface treatments, such as high-binding, medium-binding, or low-binding, to accommodate different assay requirements.
- Plate Formats:
- Common formats include 96-well and 384-well plates, with 96-well plates being the most widely used for standard ELISA assays.
- Plates are available in flat-bottom, round-bottom, or V-bottom designs, depending on the assay's needs and the type of detection used (colorimetric, fluorescent, or luminescent).
- Binding Capacity:
- High-binding plates can adsorb large amounts of proteins, typically 400-500 ng/cm², making them suitable for assays where sensitivity is critical.
- Medium and low-binding plates are used for applications where excessive binding might lead to high background noise or when working with smaller biomolecules.
- Surface Treatments:
- High-binding plates: Treated to maximize protein adsorption, ideal for assays requiring the capture of antibodies, antigens, or other proteins.
- Streptavidin-coated plates: Designed for assays involving biotinylated molecules, where strong and specific binding to streptavidin is needed.
- Cell culture-treated plates: Used when live cells are involved in the assay, supporting cell adhesion and growth.
- Compatibility:
- Compatible with various detection methods, including colorimetric (e.g., HRP/TMB), fluorescent, and luminescent readouts.
- Suitable for use with automated plate readers, ensuring consistency and high throughput.
- Applications:
- Direct ELISA: Antigens are directly coated on the plate, followed by detection with an enzyme-linked antibody.
- Indirect ELISA: Primary antibody is detected by an enzyme-linked secondary antibody, often used to quantify antibody levels.
- Sandwich ELISA: Capture antibody is coated on the plate, which binds to the target antigen, followed by detection with another enzyme-linked antibody, providing high sensitivity.
- Competitive ELISA: Involves the competition between labeled and unlabeled antigen for binding to the antibody, often used for small molecule detection.
- Well Volume:
- Typically designed to hold assay volumes ranging from 50 µL to 300 µL per well, depending on the plate type.
- Consistent well-to-well volumes ensure uniform reaction conditions across the plate.
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